This article reviews the concepts involved in the evaluation and management of febrile, neutropenic, pediatric cancer patients. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)

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We report the first descriptive analysis of the incidence of childhood cancer based on data from 14 PBCRs, corresponding to 15% of the child and adolescent population in Brazil. Data were obtained from registry databases, including information on population coverage and data quality indicators. The International Classification of Childhood Cancer was used. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by world population. Incidence by cancer registry, age, sex, and cancer type were calculated per 1,000,000 children. Age-adjusted rates per 1,000,000 children/adolescents ranged from 92 to 220among the 14 PBCRs. The principal groups of cancers were leukemia, lymphoma and central nervous tumors. The median incidence rate of childhood cancer in the 14 PBCRs was 154.3 per million; children 1-4 years of age…

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Central adrenal insufficiency is observed after cranial radiation therapy for cancer. Screening at risk patients is recommended, but the best screening strategy is unknown.A retrospective review of pediatric cancer survivors who underwent hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis testing was conducted. Data included: cancer diagnosis, radiotherapy dose, other endocrinopathies, and adrenal function testing. Adrenal testing included sequential low-dose corticotropin test (LDCT) and standard-dose corticotropin test (SDCT). 8 a.m. serum cortisol levels were compared to LDCT results. LDCT results were compared by radiotheroapy dose and according to the presence of endocrine comorbidities.Seventy-eight subjects (56% male, mean age at diagnosis 6.5 years) underwent testing. 67.9% had been treated with …

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Traditionally, controls in US pediatric cancer studies were selected through random digit dialing. With declining participation and lack of nonparticipant information, random digit dialing (RDD) controls may be substandard. Birth certificate (BC) controls are an alternative, because they are population based and include data from nonparticipants. The authors examined controls collected by random digit dialing and birth certificates for a Children’s Oncology Group case-control study of infant leukemia in 1995–2006. Demographic variables were used to assess differences in RDD and BC controls and their representativeness. RDD and BC controls did not differ significantly with regard to maternal variables (age, race, education, marital status, alcohol during pregnancy) or child variables …

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In this report we describe a case of primary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a boy with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and review the pertinent literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

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Conclusions: To evaluate treatment differences, failing to account for competing risks using appropriate methodology may lead to incorrect interpretations. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)

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